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- BUSINESS, Page 66The Harvard Debt Doctor's Controversial CureBy John Greenwald/With reporting by Elizabeth Love/La Paz
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- To Jeffrey Sachs, the glaring gap between rich and poor in
- Latin America is a major cause of the debt crisis that has racked
- the region. The boyish Harvard economist, an adviser to debt-ridden
- countries from Bolivia to Poland, blames wealthy Latin elites for
- dodging taxes and arranging self-serving subsidies that have
- "sucked the blood" from many governments, forcing them to borrow
- heavily.
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- That blunt diagnosis is typical of Sachs, 34, an economics
- wunderkind who was a tenured professor at 29 and has become a
- champion of debt relief for developing countries. He first gained
- renown for his advice to Bolivia, which slashed its inflation rate
- from more than 20,000% in 1985 to 15% today. When Sachs visited
- Argentina last June, talk-show hosts rushed to schedule interviews.
- In a single hectic week last month, Sachs was in Peru and Brazil
- and then jetted to Warsaw, where he advises the new government.
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- Sachs' message is simple: debtors must reform their economies
- by methods that include collecting more taxes from the elite, while
- U.S. banks must forgive at least half their $59 billion of loans
- to Latin borrowers. "I don't believe we should move in small
- steps," says the economist.
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- Such advice has often placed Sachs in a cross fire between U.S.
- bankers, who oppose large-scale debt forgiveness, and populist
- foreign critics, who resent his calls for fiscal austerity. Walter
- Wriston, the former chairman of Citicorp, whose Citibank unit has
- more than $8 billion in outstanding Latin American loans, calls
- Sachs "a paid flack for the countries of Latin America." Wriston
- argues that widespread loan write-offs would prevent Latin
- countries from receiving new credit. At the same time, Julio Bravo,
- finance secretary of the Bolivian Worker's Central Union, charges
- that as a result of Sachs' advice, "salaries have decreased, the
- firing of workers has increased, and policies respond to the
- interests of the business sector."
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- Sachs, whose work in Latin America is underwritten by the
- United Nations, responds that "if one person can be attacked from
- so many directions, there hasn't been enough contact between sides"
- in the debt crisis. "Much of my work," he notes, "is just sitting
- quietly in a back room analyzing data with members of the
- government." Sachs did that on a 1986 trip to Bolivia, when he
- arrived to find that the Planning Minister had resigned and the
- government was ready to drop its anti-inflation program. But after
- examining the latest figures, Sachs argued that the program was
- sound and persuaded leaders to stick with it.
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- In the same vein, Sachs believes that the Latin debt crisis
- will eventually ease. He considers a plan that Treasury Secretary
- Nicholas Brady unveiled last spring, which calls for limited debt
- reduction, a modest but encouraging step. "There has been a lot of
- progress," Sachs says. "The thinking is much more realistic."